Mother Earth.

Emma Goldman, editor.

Mother Earth.

New York:

Mother Earth,

October 1910.

One of Zoe’s few female counterparts running small magazines was the activist Emma Goldman, whose monthly Mother Earth (1906-1918) was headquartered near Zoe on East 13th Street. Contributors including Emma Goldman’s lovers, such as the physician Ben Reitman, called for revolutions to help the oppressed—Zoe rejected their advocacy of violence. This issue mourns President William McKinley’s anarchist assassin, Leon Czolgosz, and the martyred Spanish freethinker, Francisco Ferrer. 

From the Collection of Eve M. Kahn.