1 10 7 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/d922aaaad4366054edc74484f0180fb9.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=ekG83DjKVnalDHkhSpEEJFAKFCMrfHVmbFqm%7EFvUPCVh24T-cW3cyV%7EAy4KDo8WkGxFs1ZImQyfnqXpJbfoWxRpMY7sd6FcD5NZxb%7EnytAisNUOXViUErnsTfEjrpY2MZ95bKpMlcG8gbH0ZbB4RNN9Ar91IALSAgKDiB%7EaBzAy38Sv0mDZAkn2KyRQLwgI1dkI4hHCnF1R7lHEXluXakNz7GGQ8Wgvqi2uv6Sdf1z2or-8icKr99WGB9rHND6ALeIfdYo-y1b5Aj1Xo4ry1SC6X9Rg8KvG0innsjWtzOirEXWx00-CiQtZxd99eBRj2YRNRIPgj2Aw6S%7ES-KLOknw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 66acb3cfad05675cdeecb2e49a196a95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Twain Title A name given to the resource The Choice Humorous Works of Mark Twain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant London Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John Camden Hotten Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1873] Description An account of the resource This hardcover collection gathers both volumes of Hotten’s pirated Innocents Abroad back under a single cover, to which is appended an unauthorized collection of sketches. Hotten’s success with his pirated editions infuriated Twain, who referred to him as “Hottentot.”  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54208631190_6169e2df89.jpg clemens-copyright https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/865eecbd0c2b4512ee77162ede6536c7.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=IjPG2kkrCfsi5iVDyztQnT51mIPoxMAREzT8zGIv1cpl-45yfuk%7Ey%7E1cQMyG%7EyE11y7fNMv3vUXEoW2wrkiVPnhrOSnzPIGnobOpjOJkhy1hbmu23Zp02x0E8hVZ5sH8My%7ELQcf1TPZv%7EdxTLAvMFyZ%7EFssY1-nRWcK5LkBYLtNHv810l%7ED6FG2wlMC4MX67ggtV3zXASVG0V%7EIfQhdR-lNnqvXt1FJO5fpGH56vVMeYPoNmBA-tZmSm2fZ2AZl8UJYAJbMAr6ln%7EmiPzpUp85nA0Rj8IdRBMP%7EqV1XSUXvRC%7EEBvhMBJtkfOPZuPcAyN-Wo0GFzWNPCSFhkAdF2yg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b2a80e976ebbeba1ca10c4ce706c25f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens) Title A name given to the resource Mark Twain’s Complete Works Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Toronto Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John Ross Robertson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1882] Description An account of the resource This crudely printed volume collects several of the unauthorized editions of Twain’s works issued by Canadian publisher John Ross Robertson. Robertson used various legal means to circumvent international copyright: for this volume, he printed the sheets in the United States, imported them to Canada for binding, and then exported the completed books back over the border for American sale. This elaborate scheme violated the spirit of copyright, but was entirely legal at the time, and the books— boldly marketed as “Robertson’s Cheap Series”— were sold at a fraction of the price of the authorized editions. This volume, containing Robertson’s editions of Innocents Abroad, A Tramp Abroad, and a variety of Sketches, represents the earliest attempt to gather together a version of Twain’s complete works.  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54208465329_60a2944247_o.jpg clemens-copyright https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/ccd17e5c0abe69f23e22b109ebef0960.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=YdnO9O8OV7-QKMLm6DYgr9pQFaM8bE1MFH80rbC6Ij6nsyIXA8cJ3WFhkOkBI4j8K2vlvUzYGwBjbXh-P15G1cftbeJ%7EcVozzy-htmsuVzo3WqMGDOWpV7fhOHbhFUYveG6f0mLYECM7UhsBuB743%7E01btmcelxltWZXM3ZuSdHKTgf0h4V9d9cNdY%7E93ZfXF0ivpMAinLkZWJK5lJoC5Iv0bpbEwoZsjf1qaW6NjbHKIzHCAungiCgYavqIde6oeJOEZGLagXsdSf2p52NHehRYvDhq52wtD8Q3TUy64f1fCE1YP6P3vn01IWROVB%7E1k8B3UEd%7EomQMTBHBFqFgzg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 274f9cbfc56539b1bcd3ff8ad8620c85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Twain Title A name given to the resource Mark Twain’s Sketches Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant London Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available George Routledge & Sons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1872 Subject The topic of the resource Copyright edition Description An account of the resource Twain edited the amusing sketches in these collections to soften the language from their original American serial publication so that they would be more suitable for British audiences. Labeled “Copyright edition,” this volume was produced specifically to secure Clemens’s copyright over the material it contained. This utilitarian aim explains its cheap production, evidenced by the poor condition of most surviving copies.  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54207326667_c8ac046d71_o.jpg clemens-copyright https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/55af79b50effbcaf8f20241a2f676128.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=Tmgt9It1xj3LYV7lqzuhSGi8i0T9vdZ%7E3R7rK4qjX58zYylOUj3Uo6BZG205AptujbEP1%7EjO7a2DwJCmCpaDPNN-DH-AOI88NGzYTxMzJdb4xrUrDTG74ngqX8kWZLhd8o6yuUXc0Dxn0nEmSfrzIzHpwMY-74XLDut0dspnQ0LVc9BiI-Kq7uF73KlKjfvTSBXSvbM1V8S13-y%7ENJxxs-GMemUgRwI4-1HCoRaxTQ7N62tFWjRmsJ36feC3rvx4zWQmze4nuwXM9damNdiQYHRK6s%7E0KrB1YWfIxMMSSQe8U5DHi6Qb60%7Ej-ud0hGI35VHdvK0i4mLiF8jQWE2IAw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e2411515c1717a5922e4daa00053a1b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Twain Title A name given to the resource Autobiography, (Burlesque.) First Romance, and Memoranda Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Toronto Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available James Campbell & Son Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1871?] Description An account of the resource This unauthorized collection of Twain sketches features on its cover Twain’s caricature of William III of Prussia. Following the publication of this volume, Twain took action to better protect his copyright in England and Canada, leading to a five-year lull in Canadian piracy of his work before the Canadian Copyright Act of 1875, which separated Canada from imperial copyright agreements and enabled a second major phase of unauthorized editions. The eponymous “autobiography” is an entirely fictional account that originally appeared in his “Memoranda” for the Galaxy.  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54168424576_e9da6c73c6_h.jpg clemens-copyright https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/990f3ed6ad7460e05716aac3a376b656.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=ZgLUoq2wbCGAalC7FguKlVmyuUfLuZ0A-gCi84xM6%7EUj50ITwZViyUcY5S3FFpXSQ4862S9%7EZtMBVVvgdaNYH4NcdOzL37U7M6tf-oNpGO6mfPg9FJ-PyxorA2a26GVC0rPBpnI3MwtS6DXpTN1bFDrFup8bGuYiLxeZPPDpK70d826pqtJKCdWWoC4hP4uFkiLzRtPSWFmCpsPx431zqioJk-CiXzlBU4NSBhHBtiH5JFaGvEKvQbKHC%7EsbXKLTHINlLrZvcJoDeRaiHA48YWCpcxnp8yG6r-CIXj5ZJbtMhbOSns8GoxrjO9hqh5%7E22F3Yi7pYBlwZ%7E%7E02Db237w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 00d646076504582b42b5f7d8408ed78c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Twain Title A name given to the resource The New Pilgrim’s Progress. A Book of Travel in Pursuit of Pleasure: The Journey Home Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant London Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available John Camden Hotten Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1870] Description An account of the resource London publisher John Camden Hotten exploited the lack of an international copyright treaty to issue pirated editions of many popular American authors. Less than a year after The Innocents Abroad’s first publication, Hotten produced his own unauthorized edition, splitting the text into two volumes: Hotten’s Innocents Abroad contained only the first half of Twain’s text, while The New Pilgrim’s Progress carried the remainder.  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54167544147_6de6c27d26_h.jpg clemens-copyright https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/f1d06162a6098191f34c036d4ddde24d.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=fXDShtNlqFn1N97xkNd8D9sVFiAduAP7ANObe6ulRjuuCill4cwkYjEMxs3GkWSeEL6zpha1OtyiLtUrdMcHnNQXA5g9nb-FHyn4cD2PQnRox23BhjBvbEOkndd5ayx%7E9t7eDOLpWMHJ6nRfghAsXgDbvJHx5WMnc1zB2ieFV%7EH8YqKNGspSCeueb5XFk-xvwQ%7EfqMg9TP5fJ9qbfazuww-6jmamZyxlEIticMi3EJCddjcY5PVZlagikAMMmyOOXmdgD7CKXxhoiVsfjVZqhfsyW2sQPP5G6jqJUAI4A2Y6rmufO19hKAWyYaTl33G5vpwaiw0kQR%7ELKUDzEVKPag__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b825e40ae85a1b5d4d7401119fa00528 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mark Twain Title A name given to the resource The Prince and the Pauper: A Tale for Young People of All Ages Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Montreal Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Dawson Brothers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881 Subject The topic of the resource Copyright edition Description An account of the resource For much of the nineteenth century there was no international copyright agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States. American literature was often pirated by publishers in the United Kingdom and its territory Canada, from which it could easily be resold at lower prices in the United States. Clemens attempted to circumvent these pirates by establishing separate American and British copyright. This edition of The Prince and the Pauper, labeled “Copyright Edition,” was explicitly produced to forestall piracy by establishing a copyright that would hold in Canada.  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54168873880_2ba700ac71_h.jpg clemens-copyright https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/15145/archive/files/fe37ac7de7f2c404fdae5f2fd2f39528.jpg?Expires=1774483200&Signature=BFr8AGNA8rpjSZQT1l4X-nxBak%7EfbGFw6PhGRsFWVBwVR82Ej1qg%7EPKOnU4IctO9mYwjpMPN%7EWqn6yhZNB4wfVk95c-ZFdkfs5TN9FnQ-ucP4yRL6cTtTnIRQ4tE50lyEnJh3OxnUr3HAQHFuyoapKwAbr5%7EnPqoC1VTw5U%7EMAi3GuFGYJ2M35EIaUe7w-qFe-l%7E1m8PQ-yj57t6Ld1%7EZQ8YuzBu7H9bkYk%7ESWlJ3QDSBA7auO-9LvZ6uFXHhTa1aWBYUCbGss0wHWyoMRBwJguJLhir49ClqjedMEmwK%7EgkTBi-QGIEQYidq4XgVrC5MJzPIJzYsXrhQLCIBGXl9Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4a7e3730faef04318b0c18543fb8b90b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A First-Class Fool: Mark Twain and Humor Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Samuel L. Clemens Title A name given to the resource Autograph letter signed “Samuel L. Clemens” to an unidentified Boston publisher Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Hartford Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 21, [1875] Description An account of the resource Clemens thanks the unidentified Bostonian for alerting him to the piratical aims of a man named Greer. He advises the publisher that “all of my stuff is amply protected, + none of it is for sale.” On the same day as this letter, he made good on his promise to “expose this filthy thief” by writing a brief letter about the matter to the Hartford Courant.  Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54207326827_608dbf5429_c.jpg clemens-copyright